Masers serve as top attention abundance references. These "atomic abundance standards" are one of the abounding forms of diminutive clocks. They are aswell acclimated as cyberbanking amplifiers in radio telescopes. Masers are getting developed as directed-energy weapons.
edit Hydrogen maser
Main article: Hydrogen maser
A hydrogen maser.
Today, the a lot of important blazon of maser is the hydrogen maser which is currently acclimated as an diminutive abundance standard. Together with added types of diminutive clocks, they aggregate the "Temps Atomique International" or TAI. This is the all-embracing time scale, which is accommodating by the Bureau All-embracing des Poids et Mesures, or BIPM.
It was Norman Ramsey and his colleagues who aboriginal accomplished this device. Today's masers are identical to the aboriginal design. The maser cadence relies on angry acquittal amid two hyperfine levels of diminutive hydrogen. Here is a abrupt description of how it works:
First, a axle of diminutive hydrogen is produced. This is done by appointment the gas at low burden to an RF acquittal (see the account on this page).
The next footfall is "state selection"—in adjustment to get some angry emission, it is all-important to actualize a citizenry antagonism of the atoms. This is done in a way that is actual agnate to the acclaimed Stern-Gerlach experiment. After casual through an breach and a alluring field, abounding of the atoms in the axle are larboard in the top activity akin of the lasing transition. From this state, the atoms can adulteration to the lower accompaniment and afford some bake radiation.
A top superior agency bake atrium borders the microwaves and reinjects them again into the atom beam. The angry acquittal amplifies the microwaves on anniversary canyon through the beam. This aggregate of addition and acknowledgment is what defines all oscillators. The beating abundance of the bake atrium is absolutely acquainted to the hyperfine anatomy of hydrogen: 1420 405 751.768 Hz.
A baby atom of the arresting in the bake atrium is accompanying into a coaxial cable and again beatific to a articular receiver.
The bake arresting advancing out of the maser is actual anemic (a few pW). The abundance of the arresting is anchored and acutely stable. The articular receiver is acclimated to amplify the arresting and change the frequency. This is done application a alternation of phase-locked loops and a top achievement quartz oscillator.
edit Hydrogen maser
Main article: Hydrogen maser
A hydrogen maser.
Today, the a lot of important blazon of maser is the hydrogen maser which is currently acclimated as an diminutive abundance standard. Together with added types of diminutive clocks, they aggregate the "Temps Atomique International" or TAI. This is the all-embracing time scale, which is accommodating by the Bureau All-embracing des Poids et Mesures, or BIPM.
It was Norman Ramsey and his colleagues who aboriginal accomplished this device. Today's masers are identical to the aboriginal design. The maser cadence relies on angry acquittal amid two hyperfine levels of diminutive hydrogen. Here is a abrupt description of how it works:
First, a axle of diminutive hydrogen is produced. This is done by appointment the gas at low burden to an RF acquittal (see the account on this page).
The next footfall is "state selection"—in adjustment to get some angry emission, it is all-important to actualize a citizenry antagonism of the atoms. This is done in a way that is actual agnate to the acclaimed Stern-Gerlach experiment. After casual through an breach and a alluring field, abounding of the atoms in the axle are larboard in the top activity akin of the lasing transition. From this state, the atoms can adulteration to the lower accompaniment and afford some bake radiation.
A top superior agency bake atrium borders the microwaves and reinjects them again into the atom beam. The angry acquittal amplifies the microwaves on anniversary canyon through the beam. This aggregate of addition and acknowledgment is what defines all oscillators. The beating abundance of the bake atrium is absolutely acquainted to the hyperfine anatomy of hydrogen: 1420 405 751.768 Hz.
A baby atom of the arresting in the bake atrium is accompanying into a coaxial cable and again beatific to a articular receiver.
The bake arresting advancing out of the maser is actual anemic (a few pW). The abundance of the arresting is anchored and acutely stable. The articular receiver is acclimated to amplify the arresting and change the frequency. This is done application a alternation of phase-locked loops and a top achievement quartz oscillator.
No comments:
Post a Comment